Mobile robots, as a new type of robot, are increasingly widely used in production, life, scientific research, and space exploration, and are playing an increasingly important role in replacing humans in certain situations and environments. Below is a brief introduction to the current development status and key technologies of mobile robots.

1、Multi information fusion of intelligent robots

The basic principle of multi-sensor information fusion is to fully utilize multiple sensor resources, calculate the redundant or complementary information of these resources in space or time according to specific algorithms, and obtain consistent information after fusion. Using fused information for mobile robot control is more humane and convenient. During the motion process, mobile robots always need to perceive the static and dynamic situation information around them, as well as their own condition information, such as position, posture, velocity, and internal system conditions. Therefore, robots are usually equipped with various sensors such as vision, sonar, infrared, photosensitive, radar, and so on. The data collected by multiple sensors has redundancy and complementarity, which can expand the observation scale in time and space, enhance the credibility of data and the resolution of the system, which is very important for enhancing the robustness and reliability of the system.

The methods of multi-sensor information fusion include: classical inference method (weighted average method), Kalman filter method, Bayesian estimation method, Dempster Sharer data inference method, as well as clustering analysis method, production rule method, fuzzy set theory, neural network method, rough set theory, wavelet analysis theory, expert system, etc.

2、Guidance technology for mobile robots

Among the mature products of mobile robots, automatic guided vehicles are the most widely used. The automatic guided vehicle is equipped with a rechargeable battery box and an automatic guidance device. With the help of built-in programs and guidance devices, the automatic guided vehicle can automatically reach the designated location without the need for human assistance. With the diverse job requirements and continuous innovation in science and technology, the guidance technology of mobile robots is also constantly being updated. The commonly used guidance methods for mobile robots currently include electromagnetic guidance, optical reflection guidance, visual guidance, etc. In addition, there are guidance methods that utilize inertial navigation technology, GPS positioning technology, electronic compass and other technologies. Each guidance technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, with the continuous development of technology and the increasingly widespread application of mobile robots, visual guidance technology has become a key direction in the research of mobile robots.

3、Human robot communication technology for mobile robots

The growth feature of today's remote control system for robots is not simply a requirement for a fully autonomous system, but a commitment to human-machine interaction between operators and robots, that is, a complete monitoring and remote control operation system composed of remote control and local self standing system, enabling intelligent robots to enter the practical stage beyond the laboratory. For this purpose, remote control technology can be combined with robots to achieve remote operation of the robots. This can also improve the intelligence level of robots and achieve the goal of solving problems together. The currently mature communication solution is for mobile robots to access the internet nearby through wireless communication systems, and then achieve remote human-machine interaction through wide area networks. At the same time, remote transmission and local monitoring layers are set up at the access point, and nearby staff can help the robot solve some difficult problems in a timely manner, while achieving remote sharing of information.

4、Automatic Charging Technology for Mobile Robots

Mobile robots are powered by their own batteries, and after a period of time, when the energy is depleted, manual intervention is needed to charge them. If manual charging is used, the robot will work in a non continuous environment. If we want to achieve long-term continuous task environment for robots, we need a mechanism for robots to support themselves. Once it starts running, the robot operates in a continuous task environment, and the stopping and starting of the vehicle are autonomously completed by the robot.

The robot runs for a period of time and needs to replenish energy. When the robot reaches the charging area, the on-board charging system connects with the ground charging system and starts charging. During this process, the machine monitors the battery status, mainly the battery voltage, to check if it is fully charged. When the charging is completed, the robot automatically disengages from the charging system and heads towards the work area or stands by to start normal work. The entire process is fully automated, intelligent, and does not require dedicated personnel to manage.

The automatic charging methods for mobile robots are mainly divided into contact charging and non-contact charging. Among them, contact charging technology is more mature, while non-contact charging is a better charging method with greater potential in the future. However, there are still some problems that have not been solved, such as huge energy loss during transmission.

According to the connection method between the robot and the charging socket, contact charging is divided into three categories: top mounted, side mounted, and bottom mounted. A robot must have the following abilities in order to achieve automatic charging.

（1）Can detect when charging is needed.

（2）Be able to locate the charging dock.

（3）Navigation support is required to reach the designated charging area.

（4）There must be autonomous connection and disconnection between the charging dock and the charging station.

（5）Need to determine the physical connection of the charging socket.

5、Conclusion

This article provides a brief analysis of several key technologies involved in the design process of mobile robots. With the increasing research efforts of researchers on mobile robots, mobile robots will increasingly appear in people's field of vision in the coming years.